News Update on Dialysis: March – 2020

FRACTURING DIALYSIS OSTEODYSTROPHY AND DIALYSIS ENCEPHALOPATHY: An Epidemiological Survey

A survey of 1293 patients in eighteen dialysis centres in Great Britain showed a highly significant rank correlation of the incidence of both fracturing dialysis osteodystrophy (osteomalacic dialysis osteodystrophy) and dialysis encephalopathy with the aluminium content of water used to prepare dialysate. [1]

The Dialysis Encephalopathy Syndrome — Possible Aluminum Intoxication

The aluminum content of muscle, bone and brain was measured in control subjects and in uremic patients on dialysis who had been maintained on phosphate-binding aluminum gels. The mean muscle aluminum was 14.8 ppm, and the trabecular-bone aluminum 98.5 ppm in the patients on dialysis, as compared with 1.2 and 2.4 in control subjects (P < 0.05). Brain gray-matter aluminum values in a group of uremic patients on dialysis who died of a neurologic syndrome of unknown cause were 25 ppm as compared with 6.5 ppm in a group of uremic patients on dialysis who died of other causes and 2.2 ppm in control subjects. [2]

Chronic Dialysis and Death Among Survivors of Acute Kidney Injury Requiring Dialysis

Context Severe acute kidney injury among hospitalized patients often necessitates initiation of short-term dialysis. Little is known about the long-term outcome of those who survive to hospital discharge.

Objective To assess the risk of chronic dialysis and all-cause mortality in individuals who experience an episode of acute kidney injury requiring dialysis. [3]

Hepatitis C Virus Infection among Chronic Renal Failure Patients Pre – Dialysis Therapy in Hodiedah City, Yemen

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a significant problem in hemodialysis patients, which poses difficulty in the management of the patients in the renal dialysis unit. [4]

Synergism of Malnutrition, Inflammation and Fluid Load in the Development of Atherogenesis in Uremic Patients Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis

Objective: Approximately 50% of end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients lose their lives as a consequence of cardiovascular diseases due to accelerated atherosclerosis. The objectives of this study were to investigate the synergistic effect between nutritional status, inflammation and volume load with atherogenesis estimated using structural and hemodynamic changes in the carotid arteries (CA) in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD). [5]

Reference

[1] Parkinson, I.S., Feest, T.G., Kerr, D.N.S., Ward, M.K. and Fawcett, R.W.P., 1979. Fracturing dialysis osteodystrophy and dialysis encephalopathy: An epidemiological survey. The lancet, 313(8113), pp.406-409.

[2] Alfrey, A.C., LeGendre, G.R. and Kaehny, W.D., 1976. The dialysis encephalopathy syndrome: Possible aluminum intoxication. New England Journal of Medicine, 294(4), pp.184-188.

[3] Wald, R., Quinn, R.R., Luo, J., Li, P., Scales, D.C., Mamdani, M.M., Ray, J.G. and University of Toronto Acute Kidney Injury Research Group, 2009. Chronic dialysis and death among survivors of acute kidney injury requiring dialysis. Jama, 302(11), pp.1179-1185.

[4] Al Awfi, M.S., Al-Kamarany, M.A., Mohsen, R., Al Hilali, M., Al Khader, W., Al Jafari, S., Galeb, M., Al Amodi, H. and Moad, B., 2017. Hepatitis C Virus Infection among Chronic Renal Failure Patients Pre–Dialysis Therapy in Hodiedah City, Yemen. Microbiology Research Journal International, pp.1-6.

[5] Rebic, D., Rasic, S., Rebic, V. and Herenda, V., 2016. Synergism of Malnutrition, Inflammation and Fluid Load in the Development of Atherogenesis in Uremic Patients Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis. Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research, pp.1-12.