A Short Review on Circulating Micro-RNAs in Diabetic Patients

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA sequences of about 20-22 nucleotides that are generated in the nucleus of cells via a complex multi-step biosynthetic process that begins with RNA polymerase II. Cell differentiation, proliferation, and development, cell-to-cell communication, cell metabolism, and apoptosis are all regulated by microRNAs. There’s evidence that miRNAs have a role in the molecular mechanisms that link viral infections, cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease to cellular pathways. The expression of miRNAs in diabetes mellitus was examined, and it was discovered that a variety of changed circulating levels of various miRNAs were connected to type 1 and type 2 diabetes, both at the outset and in advanced disease. At least 12 circulating miRNAs were consistently dysregulated in type 1 diabetes patients, and about 40 circulating miRNAs were detected in type 2 diabetic patients. MiR-126 appears to be the miRNA that is most closely associated to the routes and development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, as well as their complications. Glycemic management, residual beta cell function, insulin secretion and sensitivity, micro- and macrovascular consequences, including endothelial dysfunction, renal disease, and retinopathy are all affected by dysregulation of numerous miRNAs. In diabetic patients, circulating miRNAs could be a good source of diagnostic and prognostic indicators. Large, long-term clinical trials should be done to assess the utility of these nucleotides as biomarkers for predicting diabetes progression, albeit high detection costs may be the greatest stumbling block to their application in everyday clinical practise.

Author (s) Details

Carella Angelo Michele
Department of Internal Medicine, ‘T. Masselli-Mascia’ Hospital, San Severo, Italy.

Marinelli Teresa
Department of Internal Medicine, ‘T. Masselli-Mascia’ Hospital, San Severo, Italy.

Melfitano Armando
Department of Internal Medicine, ‘T. Masselli-Mascia’ Hospital, San Severo, Italy.

Di Pumpo Michele
Department of Internal Medicine, ‘T. Masselli-Mascia’ Hospital, San Severo, Italy.

Modola Giovanni
Department of Internal Medicine, ‘T. Masselli-Mascia’ Hospital, San Severo, Italy.

De Luca Pasquale
Department of Internal Medicine, ‘T. Masselli-Mascia’ Hospital, San Severo, Italy.

Benvenuto Angelo
Department of Internal Medicine, ‘T. Masselli-Mascia’ Hospital, San Severo, Italy.

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